999 research outputs found
Effects of Cryogenic Treatment after Annealing of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Sheet on Its Formability at Room Temperature
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This is an Open Access article made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.In this article, the effects of cryogenic treatment after annealing on the formability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheet were experimentally studied. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was treated by cryogenic treatment after annealing (ACT). Tensile tests were carried out using a universal machine at room temperature. The microstructure evolution of Ti-6Al-4V subjected to ACT was also investigated using an optical microscope (OM). Both the shearing performance and drawing formability were analyzed by punch shearing tests and deep drawing tests, respectively. Results showed that after ACT, the tendency of the β phase can be apparently changing into stable β’ and α’ phases. The elastic modulus is lower than that of the untreated material. It was found that both the yield strength and tensile strength are declined slightly, whereas the ductility is increased significantly. The shear strength in punch shearing is decreased at room temperature and cryogenic temperature. The ratio of smooth zone on the section after ACT3 is much larger than the others. The rollover diameters are not obviously greater than those of the untreated. Additionally, the height of the burr shows a decreasing trend after ACT. During deep drawing, drawing depth is deeper than that of the untreated material, the drawing load after ACT is reduced, and the decreasing tendency of the drawing load slows down. It is noted that the micro-cracks occur at the bottom of the sample.Peer reviewe
A 5-Gb/s 66 dB CMOS variable-gain amplifier with reconfigurable DC-offset cancellation for multi-standard applications
This paper proposes a variable gain amplifier (VGA) with reconfigurable DC-offset cancellation (DCOC) for multi-standard applications. In this design, a cell-based design method and some bandwidth extension technologies are adopted to achieve a high data rate and a wide gain control range simultaneously. In addition, the DCOC having a tunable lower-cutoff frequency can make an optimum compromise between BER and SNR according to the specified baseband standard. The measurements show that the VGA achieves a gain control range from −6 dB to 60 dB, a bandwidth beyond 3 GHz, and a tunable lower-cutoff frequency from 0 to 300 kHz. When entering a 2 23 −1 pseudo-random bit sequence signal at 5 Gb/s, the VGA consumes 17 mW from a 1.2-V supply and the output data peak-to-peak jitter is less than 40 ps. The VGA is fabricated in a 90-nm CMOS process with a chip size (including all pads) of 0.52×0.5 mm 2
Fast Neighbor Discovery for Wireless Ad Hoc Network with Successive Interference Cancellation
Neighbor discovery (ND) is a key step in wireless ad hoc network, which
directly affects the efficiency of wireless networking. Improving the speed of
ND has always been the goal of ND algorithms. The classical ND algorithms lose
packets due to the collision of multiple packets, which greatly affects the
speed of the ND algorithms. Traditional methods detect packet collision and
implement retransmission when encountering packet loss. However, they does not
solve the packet collision problem and the performance improvement of ND
algorithms is limited. In this paper, the successive interference cancellation
(SIC) technology is introduced into the ND algorithms to unpack multiple
collision packets by distinguishing multiple packets in the power domain.
Besides, the multi-packet reception (MPR) is further applied to reduce the
probability of packet collision by distinguishing multiple received packets,
thus further improving the speed of ND algorithms. Six ND algorithms, namely
completely random algorithm (CRA), CRA based on SIC (CRA-SIC), CRA based on SIC
and MPR (CRA-SIC-MPR), scan-based algorithm (SBA), SBA based on SIC (SBA-SIC),
and SBA based on SIC and MPR (SBA-SIC-MPR), are theoretically analyzed and
verified by simulation. The simulation results show that SIC and MPR reduce the
ND time of SBA by 69.02% and CRA by 66.03% averagely.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figure
Coherent Compensation based ISAC Signal Processing for Long-range Sensing
Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) will greatly enhance the
efficiency of physical resource utilization. The design of ISAC signal based on
the orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) signal is the mainstream.
However, when detecting the long-range target, the delay of echo signal exceeds
CP duration, which will result in inter-symbol interference (ISI) and
inter-carrier interference (ICI), limiting the sensing range. Facing the above
problem, we propose to increase useful signal power through coherent
compensation and improve the signal to interference plus noise power ratio
(SINR) of each OFDM block. Compared with the traditional 2D-FFT algorithm, the
improvement of SINR of range-doppler map (RDM) is verified by simulation, which
will expand the sensing range
Mutual Information Metrics for Uplink MIMO-OFDM Integrated Sensing and Communication System
As the uplink sensing has the advantage of easy implementation, it attracts
great attention in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system. This
paper presents an uplink ISAC system based on multi-input multi-output
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) technology. The mutual
information (MI) is introduced as a unified metric to evaluate the performance
of communication and sensing. In this paper, firstly, the upper and lower
bounds of communication and sensing MI are derived in details based on the
interaction between communication and sensing. And the ISAC waveform is
optimized by maximizing the weighted sum of sensing and communication MI. The
Monte Carlo simulation results show that, compared with other waveform
optimization schemes, the proposed ISAC scheme has the best overall
performance
Efficient Serverless Function Scheduling at the Network Edge
Serverless computing is a promising approach for edge computing since its
inherent features, e.g., lightweight virtualization, rapid scalability, and
economic efficiency. However, previous studies have not studied well the issues
of significant cold start latency and highly dynamic workloads in serverless
function scheduling, which are exacerbated at the resource-limited network
edge. In this paper, we formulate the Serverless Function Scheduling (SFS)
problem for resource-limited edge computing, aiming to minimize the average
response time. To efficiently solve this intractable scheduling problem, we
first consider a simplified offline form of the problem and design a
polynomial-time optimal scheduling algorithm based on each function's weight.
Furthermore, we propose an Enhanced Shortest Function First (ESFF) algorithm,
in which the function weight represents the scheduling urgency. To avoid
frequent cold starts, ESFF selectively decides the initialization of new
function instances when receiving requests. To deal with dynamic workloads,
ESFF judiciously replaces serverless functions based on the function weight at
the completion time of requests. Extensive simulations based on real-world
serverless request traces are conducted, and the results show that ESFF
consistently and substantially outperforms existing baselines under different
settings
Iterative Signal Processing for Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems
Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), with sensing and communication
sharing the same wireless resources and hardware, has the advantages of high
spectrum efficiency and low hardware cost, which is regarded as one of the key
technologies of the fifth generation advanced (5G-A) and sixth generation (6G)
mobile communication systems. ISAC has the potential to be applied in the
intelligent applications requiring both communication and high accurate sensing
capabilities. The fundamental challenges of ISAC system are the ISAC signal
design and ISAC signal processing. However, the existing ISAC signal has low
anti-noise capability. And the existing ISAC signal processing algorithms have
the disadvantages of quantization errors and high complexity, resulting in
large energy consumption. In this paper, phase coding is applied in ISAC signal
design to improve the anti-noise performance of ISAC signal. Then, the effect
of phase coding method on improving the sensing accuracy is analyzed. In order
to improve the sensing accuracy with low-complexity algorithm, the iterative
ISAC signal processing methods are proposed. The proposed methods improve the
sensing accuracy with low computational complexity, realizing energy efficient
ISAC signal processing. Taking the scenarios of short distance and long
distance sensing into account, the iterative two-dimensional (2D) fast Fourier
transform (FFT) and iterative cyclic cross-correlation (CC) methods are
proposed, respectively, realizing high sensing accuracy and low computational
complexity. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed ISAC signal processing
methods are verified by simulation results
Throughput of Hybrid UAV Networks with Scale-Free Topology
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) hold great potential to support a wide range
of applications due to the high maneuverability and flexibility. Compared with
single UAV, UAV swarm carries out tasks efficiently in harsh environment, where
the network resilience is of vital importance to UAV swarm. The network
topology has a fundamental impact on the resilience of UAV network. It is
discovered that scale-free network topology, as a topology that exists widely
in nature, has the ability to enhance the network resilience. Besides,
increasing network throughput can enhance the efficiency of information
interaction, improving the network resilience. Facing these facts, this paper
studies the throughput of UAV Network with scale-free topology. Introducing the
hybrid network structure combining both ad hoc transmission mode and cellular
transmission mode into UAV Network, the throughput of UAV Network is improved
compared with that of pure ad hoc UAV network. Furthermore, this work also
investigates the optimal setting of the hop threshold for the selection of ad
hoc or cellular transmission mode. It is discovered that the optimal hop
threshold is related with the number of UAVs and the parameters of scale-free
topology. This paper may motivate the application of hybrid network structure
into UAV Network.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure
Carrier Aggregation Enabled Integrated Sensing and Communication Signal Design and Processing
The future mobile communication systems will support intelligent applications
such as Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Extended Reality (XR). Integrated
Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is regarded as one of the key technologies
satisfying the high data rate communication and highly accurate sensing for
these intelligent applications in future mobile communication systems. With the
explosive growth of wireless devices and services, the shortage of spectrum
resources leads to the fragmentation of available frequency bands for ISAC
systems, which degrades sensing performance. Facing the above challenges, this
paper proposes a Carrier Aggregation (CA)-based ISAC signal aggregating high
and low-frequency bands to improve the sensing performance, where the CA-based
ISAC signal can use four different aggregated pilot structures for sensing.
Then, an ISAC signal processing algorithm with Compressed Sensing (CS) is
proposed and the Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm (FISTA) is
used to solve the reconfiguration convex optimization problem. Finally, the
Cram'er-Rao Lower Bounds (CRLBs) are derived for the CA-based ISAC signal.
Simulation results show that CA efficiently improves the accuracy of range and
velocity estimation
Symbol-level Integrated Sensing and Communication enabled Multiple Base Stations Cooperative Sensing
With the support of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology,
mobile communication system will integrate the function of wireless sensing,
thereby facilitating new intelligent applications such as smart city and
intelligent transportation. Due to the limited sensing accuracy and sensing
range of single base station (BS), multi-BS cooperative sensing can be applied
to realize high-accurate, long-range and continuous sensing, exploiting the
specific advantages of large-scale networked mobile communication system. This
paper proposes a cooperative sensing method suitable to mobile communication
systems, which applies symbol-level sensing information fusion to estimate the
location and velocity of target. With the demodulation symbols obtained from
the echo signals of multiple BSs, the phase features contained in the
demodulation symbols are used in the fusion procedure, which realizes
cooperative sensing with the synchronization level of mobile communication
system. Compared with the signal-level fusion in the area of distributed
aperture coherence-synthetic radars, the requirement of synchronization is much
lower. When signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is -5 dB, it is evaluated that
symbol-level multi-BS cooperative sensing effectively improves the accuracy of
distance and velocity estimation of target. Compared with single-BS sensing,
the accuracy of distance and velocity estimation is improved by 40% and 72%,
respectively. Compared with data-level multi-BS cooperative sensing based on
maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, the accuracy of location and velocity
estimation is improved by 12% and 63%, respectively. This work may provide a
guideline for the design of multi-BS cooperative sensing system to exploit the
widely deployed networked mobile communication system.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figures, 2 table
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